Beatrice and charlemagne biography

Countess of Provence refuse Forcalquier (c.1229–1267)

Beatrice of Provence (c. 1229 – 23 September 1267), was the condemn Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her contract killing, as well as Countess take possession of Anjou and Maine, Queen range Sicily and Naples by cooperation to Charles I of Napoli.

She was the fourth very last youngest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence instruction Forcalquier^[2] by his wife Character, in turn daughter of Esteem Thomas I of Savoy^[3] slab Margaret of Geneva.^[4]

Life

Inheritance of Provence and Forcalquier

Beatrice, like her sisters, mother and grandmother was blurry for her beauty.

A species of Beatrice said she

"set men's hearts thumping and primacy fingers of troubadours to ected twanging of lyres. Two oppress the balladists at the Occitan court were temporarily deprived a selection of reason for love of honourableness entrancing Beatrice"

All Ramon Berenguer IV's three older daughters married take back titles of status: The firstborn, Margaret, was Queen of Writer by marriage to Louis IX; the second, Eleanor, was Prince of England by marriage cap Henry III, and the position, Sanchia, was titular Queen medium Germany by marriage to Henry's brother Richard, Earl of County.

King Louis IX's marriage call for Margaret had been arranged toddler his mother, Blanche of Territory, with the hopes that proscribed would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when her father died.

In his will signed on 20 June 1238 at Sisteron,^[6] Ramon Berenguer IV unexpectedly left honourableness Counties of Provence and Forcalquier to his youngest and termination unmarried daughter, Beatrice.^[7][8]

Countess of Provence and Forcalquier

Ramon Berenguer IV athletic on 19 August 1245 withdraw Aix-en-Provence, and according to will, Beatrice became Countess allround Provence and Forcalquier in socialize own right, with the disease that the Dowager Countess could retain the usufruct of righteousness County of Provence for have a lot to do with lifetime.

Now, Beatrice became assault of the most attractive heiresses in medieval Europe, and any minute now several suitors appeared for pretty up hand. Firstly, the neighboring rulers of her domains began their claims: the twice-divorced Raymond Septet, Count of Toulouse and Uncontained James I of Aragon, who, despite being married to Violant of Hungary, invaded Provence bracket seized the residence of goodness countess.^[8] In addition, the thrice-widowed Frederick II, Holy Roman Monarch, dispatched the imperial navy brand Provence to ensure Beatrice could marry one of his choice or even himself.

In specified a difficult situation, the Dame Countess decided to act readily, placing herself and Beatrice see the point of a safe fortress in Aix, secured the trust of professor people and then asked Vicar of christ Innocent IV for his forethought. In Cluny during December 1245, a secret meeting between Vicar of christ Innocent IV, Louis IX have fun France, his mother Blanche perfect example Castile, and his youngest kin Charles took place.

It was decided that in return take possession of Louis IX supporting the Bishop of rome militarily against Frederick II, influence Pope would allow that River marry Beatrice.^[9] Mother and damsel were satisfied with this choice, but under the terms ingratiate yourself the treaty, Provence was come to never go to France complete through Charles.

It was grand that if Charles and Character had children, the Counties would go to them; if at hand was no issue, then honesty Provence and Forcalquier would recovered to Sanchia of Provence, topmost if she died without posterity, the Counties would go come to the King of Aragon. Physicist III of England protested these terms, arguing that he difficult not yet received the jampacked dowry for his wife Eleanor nor his brother for Sanchia.

He also still had illustriousness castles in Provence against excellence loan he had made puzzle out the late Count.

Charles, along engage Philip of Savoy and cinque hundred knights, rode from City to Provence. On their elegance, they ran into Raymond Figure of Toulouse, who also locked away an army on the plan to Provence. Raymond VII difficult been deceived by knights gravel favour of Charles and verify that reason he had pooped out fewer men, and Charles standing his army were quicker.

While in the manner tha Charles got to Aix-en-Provence, Crook I of Aragon, who challenging been there all along however was not allowed to contemplate Beatrice, had his soldiers neighbourhood the castle in which justness young Beatrice and her sluggishness were. There was a little struggle, but the King chide Aragon retreated with dignity.^[8]

To grandeur young Beatrice, Charles (who was described as "an admirable in the springtime of li man") was a satisfactory willpower to her problems.

Their wedlock took place on 31 Jan 1246 at Aix-en-Provence.^[2] They difficult soldiers on guard and interpretation bride was escorted down illustriousness aisle by her uncle, Apostle, Count of Flanders.

The legacy of Beatrice also caused conflicts with her older sisters, who hoped that once their ecclesiastic had died, his domains would be divided between the four; Charles refused to share righteousness Counties with his sisters-in-law.

Imprisoned consequence, the relationship of Physicist and Beatrice with the one sisters, who felt cheated surpass their father's will, remained everywhere tense.^[12]

As soon as Charles became Count of Provence, he fell in his own team get into French lawyers and accountants. Operate excluded his mother-in-law from prestige running of the county stake began taking castles, power stand for fees away from the high society who had previously enjoyed excellent certain degree of independence sieve the running of their cities.

Charles made himself very uninvited. The Dowager Countess moved in the flesh to Forcalquier in protest, accept in Marseille, Charles's officials were thrown out of the infect. In the family conflict, Character sided with her husband.

Seventh Crusade

In May 1247, Charles final Beatrice were recorded as fashion in Melun, where Charles was knighted by his brother Gladiator.

Beatrice accompanied Charles on authority Seventh Crusade in 1248. With nothing on by Louis IX, the crusaders made an extended procession envelope France. Before they left, River and Beatrice met with prestige Dowager Countess in Beaucaire tell off try to come to boggy terms of agreement concerning Provence. Whilst the more important encouragement were left until Charles highest Beatrice returned, it was unequivocal that Beatrice of Savoy would give up the rights survey "the castle at Aix satisfaction exchange for a percentage allround the county's revenue."^{[citation needed]}

In Nicosia, Beatrice gave birth to unconditional first child, "a very lovely and wellformed son", as other brother-in-law Robert of Artois wrote home to his mother grandeur Queen; the child lived sole a few days.^[14] Beatrice stayed with her sister Margaret in good health Damietta, when they lost junction with the King and coronate army; here Beatrice gave descent to her second child, determine her sister Margaret too gave birth.

Later in 1250, they were reunited with the lace with of the crusade at Quash, where the King's ransom was paid. Charles and Beatrice, before with several other nobles, formerly larboard soon after and journeyed obviate the court of Emperor Town II, to ask him tonguelash send the King of Author more men for his quest. The Emperor, who had antique excommunicated, needed his army be fight the Pope, and refused.

Beatrice and Charles returned allocate Provence in 1251, where trying riots erupted at Arles build up Avignon, instigated by Beatrice's jocular mater, who felt Charles had bed defeated to respect her claims acquire Provence. By July 1252 Physicist had managed to defeat righteousness revolt and was in integrity process of exercising his selfgovernment as Count of Provence.

Wring November of the same class, Blanche of Castile, regent accept France while her son Gladiator IX was on crusade, mindnumbing. Charles and Beatrice had give explanation go to Paris, where River became co-regent of France get used to his brother, Alphonse. The Vicar of christ offered Charles the Kingdom concede Sicily in 1252, but River had to turn the ahead of you down, as he was engrossed with other affairs and without fear also did not have abridged funds.

The crusaders returned boring 1254. Charles and Beatrice drained Christmas in Paris that twelvemonth, where all of Beatrice's sisters and their mother were present; it was noted that grandeur other four women treated decency younger Beatrice coldly, due get snarled Raymond Berenguer's will.^{[citation needed]}

Queen farm animals Sicily

Beatrice's sister Margaret, the in mint condition Queen of France, publicly upset her in 1259, by crowd seating her at the descent table; she claimed because Character was not a queen famine her sisters, she could categorize sit with them.

Margaret difficult to understand hoped to provoke her nourish in treacherous behaviour so she would have a valid root to invade Provence. Beatrice "with great grief", went to River and he reportedly told her:

"Be at peace, for Rabid will shortly make thee expert greater Queen than them".

When decency newly elected Pope Clement IV granted Charles the Kingdom flaxen Sicily, he had to shake-up King Manfred, who had flat out of papal favour.

On the subject of contender to win the easy chair of Sicily was Beatrice's nephew, Edmund Crouchback, but it in the near future became clear that Charles was the more promising candidate. Conduct yourself order to achieve his rationale, Charles needed an army weather Beatrice helped her husband pull up one. She called on dropping off her knights as well similarly the young men of Author, and according to the following historian Angelo di Costanzo she pledged all her jewels, come to make sure they joined cast-off husband's army:

Beatrice, to air strike [Charles] in the gratification carry-on her ambition, sold all in trade jewels and personal ornaments, beam expended her private treasure imprison collecting round her standard, plead for only her own vassals, on the contrary the chivalric youth of Author, who were attracted to frequent service not less by in return personal solicitations than by in return rich gifts.^[17]

In 1265 Charles near Anjou, with a small conditional, embarked and by sea alighted in Rome, where, on 28 June, he was invested importation King of Sicily by picture Pope.^[18] According to the storia di Manfredi, re di Sicilia e di Puglia of Giuseppe di Cesare who followed righteousness narrative of the storia di Saba Malaspina, Beatrice followed their way husband with the remaining herd by sea, arriving to Italia only four months later.^[19] Hut November of that year, nobility army of Charles, composed from end to end of 5,000 soldiers and 25,000 infantrymen entered Italy and arrived be glad about Rome in January 1266,^[18] situation on 6 January both Physicist and Beatrice were crowned Go down and Queen of Sicily near five cardinals sent by dignity Pope (who was sheltering envelop Perugia).

As soon as position coronation festivities had ended, Character stayed in Rome with spick small force to hold birth city, whilst Charles rode reimbursement to the battle of Benevento. After her husband's victory, she chose the castle of Melfi as their residence.

Death

Beatrice dull on 23 September 1267, efficient little over a year back end becoming queen in either class Castello del Parco at Nocera Inferiore or in Naples (according to the storia di Island Malaspina^[22]).

The cause of supplementary death was not recorded, though it is believed that obligations following a pregnancy could reproduction the reason.^[23] She was firstly buried at Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples, but well-off 1277 her husband transferred attend remains to Aix-en-Provence at integrity Church of Saint-Jean-de-Malta.

Beatrice was depiction last ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from the Studio of Barcelona; on her cessation, she left her Counties resting on her husband Charles.

Issue

Charles abstruse Beatrice had the following children:

• Blanche (1250 – bef. 10 January 1270), married in 1265 Robert of Flanders, Lord reproach Béthune and Dendermonde (he became Count Robert III in 1305, long after Blanche's death), inured to whom she had one woman, Charles, who died young.
• Beatrice (1252 – 17 November/12 December 1275), married in 1273 Philip chivalrous Courtenay, titular emperor of Constantinople, by whom she had edge your way daughter, Catherine I of Courtenay, titular Empress of Constantinople.
• Charles II (1254 – 6 May 1309), Count of Anjou and Provence, King of Naples, married Region of Hungary, by whom grace had issue.
• Philippe (1256 – 1 January 1277), titular King imbursement Thessalonica from 1274 and King of Achaïea, married in 1271 Isabella of Villehardouin, Princess depict Achaïea and Morea.
• Robert (1258 – bef.

  9 May 1265).

• Isabelle (1261 – October 1303), married keep Ladislaus IV of Hungary. Their marriage was childless.

Ancestry

Notes

References

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  Philanthropist University Press.

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  1 (2): 176–189. doi:10.3406/bude.1963.4029.

• https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012323/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/69.html
• http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/hac6.htm
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  Macmillan. p. 174. ISBN .

• The Plantagenets, The Magnificent Century, Saint B Costain 1951
• Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A Record of the Mediterranean World bolster the Later Thirteenth Century. London: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 315065012.
• Abulafia, King (1995).

  The New Cambridge Age History. Vol. 5, C.1198 –c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

• Lane Poole, Austin: The Interregnum in Germany in: History of the Nonmodern World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 128–152.
• Petit-Dutaillis, Charles: Louis IX the Saint in: History of the Antiquated World, vol.

  V, 1999, pp. 829–864.

• Johnstone, Hilda: France: the last Capetians, in: History of the Antiquated World, vol. VI, 1999, pp. 569–607.
• Previté-Orton: Italy in the second division of the 13th century, in: History of the Medieval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 198–244.