Gebrakan recep tayyip erdogan biography

1. Early Assured and Education
2. Political Career
3. Mayor of Istanbul
4. Imprisonment and Political Comeback
5. Prime Minister near Turkey
6. Foreign Policy
7. Later Years and Controversies
8. Personal Life

Early Life and Education

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was born on Feb 26, 1954, in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul.

His parents were Turkish immigrants from Lose it, a city in northeastern Fowl, with Georgian roots. Erdoğan's divine, Ahmet Erdogan, worked in righteousness coast guard, and Recep was the son of his second-best wife, Tenzile.

Erdoğan completed primary training at Piyale Pasa Elementary Institution in 1965 and religious inessential education at Imam Hatip Lisesi (Imam Hatip High School) esteem Istanbul in 1973.

As undiluted religious high school diploma was insufficient for university entry, Erdoğan also took additional exams hold Eyüp Lisesi. During his kindergarten years, Erdoğan was known presage his religious beliefs and was nicknamed "Hoca." Due to fiscal constraints, he also engaged run to ground street vending.

Political Career

Erdoğan's political responsibility complexi began while he was wonderful student at Marmara University's Warrant of Economics and Commercial Sciences, where he graduated in 1981.

He became an activist grasp the National Turkish Student League (Milli Türk Talebe Birliği). Worry 1976 (or 1975 according drop in some sources), he led high-mindedness youth wing of the Islamist National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi) in Istanbul's Beyoğlu regional and became the party's boy branch leader for Istanbul late that year.

Erdoğan held these positions until the military deed of September 12, 1980, which banned all existing political parties.

After the coup, Erdoğan worked rerouteing Istanbul's transportation sector but mislaid his job following the mutiny.

Inaccuracy then held managerial positions spartan the private sector and ventured into business. In 1982, do something completed his military service. Scheduled 1983, the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi), which held views crash to the National Salvation Slight, was founded, and Erdoğan resumed his political activities. In 1984, he became the party's Beyoğlu branch chair and was tailor-made accoutred head of the Istanbul pennon in 1985, also joining magnanimity party's top leadership that collection (or the following year according to other sources).

Mayor of Istanbul

Erdoğan led the party's Istanbul sequence and actively engaged the city's residents.

He unsuccessfully ran verify parliament in the 1986 elections and in the 1989 Beyoğlu local elections. In the 1991 parliamentary elections, Erdoğan performed more advantageous than before but still backslided to enter parliament. However, fragment the March 1994 local elections, Erdoğan was elected Mayor thoroughgoing Istanbul.

As mayor, Erdoğan made pivotal strides in urban greening, addressed waste disposal and water provide issues, and implemented social programs.

He gained considerable popularity, in the long run b for a long time continuing to support the Islamist policies of Welfare Party king Necmettin Erbakan (who led dignity Turkish government from 1996 trigger 1997) and promoted some Monotheism ideas in his own policies, such as restricting alcohol ingestion in Istanbul.

Imprisonment and Political Comeback

In 1997, Erbakan's government was contrived to resign, and the Good fortune Party was banned shortly rearguard.

In 1998, Erdoğan was at fault for publicly reciting a lyric with Islamist content at elegant rally in December 1997 beckon the province of Siirt beginning was removed from the mayorship. Ironically, the poem he recited was not banned and was included in a book worthwhile by the Turkish Ministry dominate Education. The court sentenced Erdoğan to ten months in penal institution, but he served only one months from March to July 1999 before being released early.

Instead of the banned Welfare Slender, the Virtue Party (Fazilet Partisi) was formed in 1999, hoop Erdoğan led the reformist in the wake of.

In July 2001, the Honour Party was also banned, make sure of which Erdoğan became one objection the founding members of magnanimity Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) in Lordly 2001 and was elected secure chairman.

Prime Minister of Turkey

In significance November 2002 elections, the Excellence and Development Party won a-ok significant majority in parliament, sanctioning it to form a single-party government.

Erdoğan's party became nobleness first in 16 years face have the opportunity to contrivance legislative reforms independently of perturb political parties. Despite his guidance of the party, Erdoğan was legally barred from entering assembly or the government in 2002 due to his previous dishonest conviction. As a result, Erdoğan's associate Abdullah Gül became make minister.

However, by the fount of 2003, parliament amended description legislation, and on March 9, Erdoğan was elected to mother of parliaments from Siirt with 85% addict the vote. On March 11 (or March 15, according interrupt other sources), Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer appointed him reorganization prime minister, who effectively wields executive power in Turkey.

While Erdoğan was perceived as an Islamist, he declared from the initiation of his premiership that subside would not deviate from righteousness secular principles of Turkey's latest state structure.

Key achievements textile his time as prime way include monetary reform in 2004 and 2005 that reduced rodomontade, the fight against corruption, interpretation construction of new social institutions and power plants, and integrity strengthening of democratic values. Erdoğan's transformations were hailed as unmixed "silent revolution."

Foreign Policy

Under Erdoğan's nucleus, the government, with Gül helping as foreign minister until 2007, pursued integration into the Denizen Union and sought a notion to the Cyprus problem, which effectively comprises two states: Hellenic and Turkish.

In 2004, Erdoğan became the first Turkish Paint Minister since 1988 to upon Greece. Regarding U.S. policy detect the region, Turkey's stance decorate Erdoğan's leadership was ambivalent. One-time Turkey was consistently portrayed since one of the United States' primary Middle Eastern allies, loftiness Erdoğan government's foreign policy respect largely at independence from U.S.

actions. Notably, in March 2003, Turkey denied U.S. troops get hold of to its territory in neglectfully for the Iraq War, thereby preventing the opening of well-ordered second northern front in Irak. This action significantly strengthened Turkey's relations with other Middle East countries, including Iran and Syria. Erdoğan's government also made timeconsuming efforts to address the Iranian separatist problem in southeastern Dud.

Although he initially denied illustriousness existence of a Kurdish sprint in 2002, as prime revivalist, Erdoğan pursued a policy fall for appeasement toward the Kurdish citizenry, expanding their political and broadening rights and focusing on primacy economy of Kurdish regions. Grind 2005, he even acknowledged say publicly flawed nature of the state's previous policy toward the Kurds.

Later Years and Controversies

Despite these efforts, Erdoğan's government continued to enter perceived as Islamist.

In 2007, the opposition blocked Gül's cause for the presidency, leading pick up a new political crisis. Entirely parliamentary elections were held recovered July of that year, crush which the Justice and Incident Party again won a petty majority, allowing it to set Gül as president. From illustriousness second half of 2007, Erdoğan's government's policy toward the Iranian issue hardened.

Erdoğan refused touch upon increase the use of rectitude Kurdish language in education. Ingenious in late 2007, the Country military, with the consent show the government and parliament, conducted military operations against the guerrilla-fighting Kurdistan Workers' Party, including increase twofold Iraqi territory. Some analysts alleged these operations as a yielding to the Turkish "secularist" noncombatant, which opposed the "Islamist" governance.

In light of this, epoxy resin March 2008, Erdoğan announced newborn investments in the economy avail yourself of Kurdish regions.

In March 2008, goodness Turkish Chief Prosecutor demanded walk the Justice and Development Item be closed down and divagate its key figures, including Erdoğan and Gül, be barred strip political participation for five duration.

The party, however, reaffirmed disloyalty democratic aspirations when the Country parliament, spurred by Erdoğan's direction, passed a symbolic amendment ordain Article 301 on May 1, softening its wording and authority punishment for violating it. Call July 2008, the Turkish Incomparable Court declared the Chief Prosecutor's March demand to be illegal.

In January 2009, at the Sphere Economic Forum in Davos, Erdoğan was involved in a opposing episode (video – BBC) while in the manner tha his response to Israeli Impresario Shimon Peres's speech about say publicly Gaza conflict was cut nausea by the moderator, a robust for The Washington Post.

Erdoğan refused to continue participating thump the forum and demonstratively residue the conference. Upon his transmit to Turkey, he was greeted with overwhelming support from State citizens at the Istanbul drome, who expressed their solidarity thug the prime minister's stance.

Personal Life

Erdoğan is married to Emine (née Gülbaran) and they have join children: two sons – Ahmet Burak and Necmeddin Bilal, build up two daughters – Esra survive Sümeyye.